CentOS7使用firewall-cmd打开关闭防火墙与端口

from–https://blog.csdn.net/s_p_j/article/details/80979450

一、centos7版本对防火墙进行加强,不再使用原来的iptables,启用firewalld
1.firewalld的基本使用
启动： systemctl start firewalld
查状态：systemctl status firewalld
停止： systemctl disable firewalld
禁用： systemctl stop firewalld
在开机时启用一个服务：systemctl enable firewalld.service
在开机时禁用一个服务：systemctl disable firewalld.service
查看服务是否开机启动：systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service
查看已启动的服务列表：systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled
查看启动失败的服务列表：systemctl –failed
2.配置firewalld-cmd
查看版本： firewall-cmd –version
查看帮助： firewall-cmd –help
显示状态： firewall-cmd –state
查看所有打开的端口： firewall-cmd –zone=public –list-ports
更新防火墙规则： firewall-cmd –reload
查看区域信息: firewall-cmd –get-active-zones
查看指定接口所属区域： firewall-cmd –get-zone-of-interface=eth0
拒绝所有包：firewall-cmd –panic-on
取消拒绝状态： firewall-cmd –panic-off
查看是否拒绝： firewall-cmd –query-panic
3.那怎么开启一个端口呢
添加
firewall-cmd –zone=public(作用域) –add-port=80/tcp(端口和访问类型) –permanent(永久生效)
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-service=http –permanent
firewall-cmd –reload # 重新载入，更新防火墙规则
firewall-cmd –zone= public –query-port=80/tcp #查看
firewall-cmd –zone= public –remove-port=80/tcp –permanent # 删除

firewall-cmd –list-services
firewall-cmd –get-services
firewall-cmd –add-service=<service>
firewall-cmd –delete-service=<service>
在每次修改端口和服务后/etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml文件就会被修改,所以也可以在文件中之间修改,然后重新加载
使用命令实际也是在修改文件，需要重新加载才能生效。

firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=80/tcp
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=8080/tcp
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=3306/tcp
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=8080/tcp –permanent
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=3306/tcp –permanent
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=3306/tcp
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=8080/tcp
firewall-cmd –reload # 重新加载后才能生效
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=3306/tcp
firewall-cmd –zone=public –query-port=8080/tcp
4.参数解释
–add-service #添加的服务
–zone #作用域
–add-port=80/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议
–permanent #永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效
5.详细使用
firewall-cmd –permanent –zone=public –add-rich-rule=’rule family=”ipv4″ source address=”192.168.0.4/24″ service name=”http” accept’ //设置某个ip访问某个服务
firewall-cmd –permanent –zone=public –remove-rich-rule=’rule family=”ipv4″ source address=”192.168.0.4/24″ service name=”http” accept’ //删除配置
firewall-cmd –permanent –add-rich-rule ‘rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.0.1/2 port port=80 protocol=tcp accept’ //设置某个ip访问某个端口
firewall-cmd –permanent –remove-rich-rule ‘rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.0.1/2 port port=80 protocol=tcp accept’ //删除配置

firewall-cmd –query-masquerade # 检查是否允许伪装IP
firewall-cmd –add-masquerade # 允许防火墙伪装IP
firewall-cmd –remove-masquerade # 禁止防火墙伪装IP

firewall-cmd –add-forward-port=port=80:proto=tcp:toport=8080 # 将80端口的流量转发至8080
firewall-cmd –add-forward-port=proto=80:proto=tcp:toaddr=192.168.1.0.1 # 将80端口的流量转发至192.168.0.1
firewall-cmd –add-forward-port=proto=80:proto=tcp:toaddr=192.168.0.1:toport=8080 # 将80端口的流量转发至192.168.0.1的8080端口
二、centos7以下版本
1.开放80，22，8080 端口
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp –dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
2.保存
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
3.查看打开的端口
/etc/init.d/iptables status
4.关闭防火墙
1）永久性生效，重启后不会复原
开启： chkconfig iptables on
关闭： chkconfig iptables off
2）即时生效，重启后复原
开启： service iptables start
关闭： service iptables stop